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Is the Microfinance Industry bottoming out? Stocks to Track… – The Financial Express

By Rahul Rao
2024 has been a painful year for Microfinance players. In this latest episode of ‘Microfinance mayhem’, listed Microfinance companies are down by more than 40-50% over the last year. Even banks with an MFI (Microfinance Institutions) book as small as 6% of Total loans are getting punished (IDFC First Bank) by the market
There is no doubt the beat down has been indiscriminate, which is exactly what makes for a potential investment opportunity. 
The root of the current MFI issue is overleveraging combined with a slowing economy which are impacting cash flows of borrowers and consequently their repayment ability. 
This is leading to elevated delinquencies and impacting the profitability of the sector. This issue stems from a few key factors:
In response, the MFI self-regulatory body (SRO) announced on 2nd November 2024 that it will be implementing 7 ‘covenants’ to tackle with the ongoing challenge. However, on January 4th the SRO announced that one of the key covenants announced earlier i.e. – capping of lenders per borrower to three has been delayed for implementation until April 1st 2025. 
According to Sadaf Sayeed, CEO Muthoot Microfin, there was a “need for analysing the impact the impact of 4 lender (cap) norms before further tightening…in the meantime leverage amongst borrowers has been unwinding. MFI portfolio is down from 4.4 Lac Cr in March 24 to 4 Lac Cr in September 24”. Total MFI portfolio in December has degrown further. 
Over the last week, 12 MFI players we are tracking closely were up in Intraday trade on Thursday 9th January 2025. Spandana Shpoorthy and CreditAccessGrameen shot up by more than 10% in Intraday and Spandana is up 18% over the last 1 week. 
Could this be a sign that market is seeing opportunity on the horizon? 
Equitas SFB in its business update dated 4th January 2025 said, “The stress in microfinance is finally showing early signs of stability, with the collection efficiencies of Q3FY25 being at the same level as Q2FY25” 
However, none of the other 11 players under our watchlist have provided a statement on the matter yet. Therefore, no publicly available information points to the fact that the bad loan cycle of MFIs have bottomed out. 
If anything, Q3FY25 should be more of the same. This assertion Is based on how the past Gross Nonperforming Assets have evolved during bad cycles. With loans due past 180 days at just 2.6% on an Industry level, it is nowhere close to the GNPA experience of previous cycles where GNPA were comfortably north of 7% on an Industry basis. 
However, as a result of negative near term expectorations, valuations have become attractive. 
Most of the 12 SFBs & NBFC-MFI which we are watching closely are either trading at close to their all-time low P/B valuation or are currently at their all-time lows.  Since at least 5 of these 12 MFI players were listed in in recent history when the going was good for the sector, they’re forming fresh all-time lows. Remember, IPOs happen when the sector is usually doing great. 
Therefore, we do NOT have a reference Price to book value for recently listed players (marked in yellow).
On Average, this set of 12 listed players is trading at a simple average price to book of 1.14 compared to the low of 0.99. 
The bottom line is that the sector is cheap, for good reason. However, we cannot say with certainty when the crisis has “bottomed out”. What we can say with reasonable confidence is that with the sector hitting valuation lows, the probability of losing significant money from these valuations seems remote.  As Q3FY25 results start pouring in during this month, the reading for the near future should become clearer. 
Note: We have relied on data from www.Screener.in and www.tijorifinance.com throughout this article. Only in cases where the data was not available, have we used an alternate, but widely used and accepted source of information. 
The purpose of this article is only to share interesting charts, data points and thought-provoking opinions. It is NOT a recommendation. If you wish to consider an investment, you are strongly advised to consult your advisor. This article is strictly for educational purposes only. 
Rahul Rao has been Investing since 2014. He has helped conduct financial literacy programs for over 1,50,000 investors. He helped start a family office for a 50-year-old conglomerate and worked at an AIF, focusing on small and mid-cap opportunities. He evaluates stocks using an evidence-based, first-principles approach as opposed to comforting narratives.
Disclosure: The writer and his dependents hold (Arman Financial), a stock discussed in this article. 
The website managers, its employee(s), and contributors/writers/authors of articles have or may have an outstanding buy or sell position or holding in the securities, options on securities or other related investments of issuers and/or companies discussed therein.  The content of the articles and the interpretation of data are solely the personal views of the contributors/ writers/authors.  Investors must make their own investment decisions based on their specific objectives, resources and only after consulting such independent advisors as may be necessary.
India’s aviation industry is projected to face a loss of Rs 2,000 to Rs 3,000 crore in the next two fiscal years due to supply chain disruptions and engine problems. However, passenger traffic is expected to grow steadily, with domestic traffic surpassing pre-COVID levels.

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A Sample Proposal "Reducing Poverty in Nigeria Through Microfinance Programs" – fundsforNGOs

fundsforNGOs – Grants and Resources for Sustainability
Grants and Resources for Sustainability
Poverty remains a significant challenge in Nigeria, affecting millions of people across the country. According to recent statistics, over 40% of the population lives below the national poverty line, struggling to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare. This dire situation is exacerbated by factors such as unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to education.
The rural areas are particularly hard-hit, where many families rely on subsistence farming and lack access to markets and financial services. The persistence of poverty not only hampers individual potential but also stifles national development and economic growth. The implications of poverty in Nigeria are profound.
It leads to a cycle of deprivation that affects health, education, and overall quality of life. Children from impoverished families often miss out on education, perpetuating the cycle of poverty into future generations. Additionally, poverty contributes to social unrest and insecurity, as individuals struggle to survive in an environment where opportunities are scarce.
Addressing poverty in Nigeria is not just a moral imperative; it is essential for fostering a stable and prosperous society.
Microfinance programs have emerged as a powerful tool for addressing poverty in Nigeria. These programs provide small loans and financial services to individuals who typically lack access to traditional banking systems. By targeting low-income individuals and small businesses, microfinance aims to empower the poor, enabling them to invest in income-generating activities.
This financial inclusion is crucial for fostering entrepreneurship and self-sufficiency among marginalized communities. In Nigeria, microfinance institutions (MFIs) have proliferated over the past two decades, driven by the recognition that access to finance can significantly improve livelihoods. These institutions offer various services, including microloans, savings accounts, and insurance products tailored to the needs of low-income clients.
The flexibility of microfinance allows borrowers to use funds for diverse purposes, such as starting a small business, purchasing equipment, or covering educational expenses. As a result, microfinance has become a vital component of the broader strategy for poverty alleviation in Nigeria.
The impact of microfinance on poverty reduction in Nigeria has been significant. By providing access to financial resources, microfinance empowers individuals to start or expand their businesses, leading to increased income and improved living standards. Many beneficiaries report enhanced economic stability and the ability to invest in their children’s education and healthcare.
This ripple effect contributes to breaking the cycle of poverty and fostering community development. Moreover, microfinance promotes financial literacy among its clients. Many MFIs offer training programs that educate borrowers on budgeting, saving, and managing their finances effectively.
This knowledge equips individuals with the skills needed to make informed financial decisions, ultimately leading to better economic outcomes. As more people gain access to financial services and education, the overall economic landscape of Nigeria begins to shift toward greater resilience and sustainability.
Despite its potential, microfinance in Nigeria faces several challenges that hinder its effectiveness in reducing poverty. One major barrier is the high interest rates charged by some MFIs, which can lead to over-indebtedness among borrowers. While these rates are often justified by the high operational costs of serving low-income clients, they can create a cycle of debt that traps individuals rather than liberating them.
Additionally, there is a lack of regulatory oversight in the microfinance sector. Some institutions operate without proper licenses or adherence to best practices, leading to exploitation and fraud. This lack of regulation can erode trust in microfinance as a viable solution for poverty alleviation.
Furthermore, many potential beneficiaries remain unaware of available microfinance services or are hesitant to engage due to cultural stigmas surrounding borrowing.
To enhance the effectiveness of microfinance in reducing poverty in Nigeria, several solutions can be proposed. First, it is essential to establish a robust regulatory framework that ensures transparency and accountability among MFIs. This framework should include guidelines for interest rates, lending practices, and borrower protection measures.
By fostering a trustworthy environment, more individuals may be encouraged to seek financial assistance. Second, increasing financial literacy programs is crucial for empowering potential borrowers. MFIs should invest in educational initiatives that teach clients about responsible borrowing and financial management.
By equipping individuals with knowledge and skills, they can make informed decisions that lead to sustainable economic growth. Additionally, partnerships between MFIs and local organizations can help reach underserved communities and raise awareness about available services.

The Lift Above Poverty Organization (LAPO) is a notable example of a successful microfinance program in Nigeria. Since 1992, LAPO has provided financial services to low-income individuals, with a focus on empowering women through microloans and training programs that enhance their entrepreneurial skills. As a result, many women have successfully started businesses that contribute to their families’ well-being and community development.
Another successful initiative is the Grameen Foundation’s work in Nigeria, which emphasizes social performance alongside financial sustainability. By integrating health services with microfinance offerings, Grameen Foundation addresses multiple dimensions of poverty simultaneously. Clients receive not only financial support but also access to healthcare resources that improve their overall quality of life.
These case studies highlight how tailored microfinance programs can create meaningful change in the lives of individuals and communities. By providing access to financial services and healthcare resources, microfinance programs can help alleviate poverty and improve overall well-being.
To maximize the impact of microfinance programs in Nigeria, several recommendations can be made for implementation. First, MFIs should prioritize client-centered approaches that consider the unique needs and circumstances of borrowers. This may involve offering flexible repayment terms or designing products specifically for different demographic groups, such as women or rural farmers.
Second, collaboration among stakeholders is vital for creating a supportive ecosystem for microfinance. Government agencies, NGOs, and private sector actors should work together to promote financial inclusion and develop policies that encourage responsible lending practices. By fostering partnerships and sharing resources, stakeholders can enhance the reach and effectiveness of microfinance initiatives.
In conclusion, microfinance holds significant promise for reducing poverty in Nigeria by providing access to financial resources and empowering individuals to improve their livelihoods. While challenges remain, targeted solutions such as regulatory frameworks and financial literacy programs can enhance the effectiveness of these initiatives. Successful case studies demonstrate that with the right support and approach, microfinance can create lasting change in communities across Nigeria.
As we look toward the future, it is essential for all stakeholders—government agencies, NGOs, MFIs, and communities—to collaborate in creating an inclusive financial landscape that prioritizes the needs of the poor. By harnessing the power of microfinance effectively, Nigeria can take meaningful strides toward alleviating poverty and fostering sustainable development for all its citizens.
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Indian micro finance sector soared 2,100% in past 12 years – The Times of India

The TOI Business Desk is a vigilant and dedicated team of journalists committed to delivering the latest and most relevant business news from around the world to readers of The Times of India. The primary focus of the TOI Business Desk is to keep a watchful eye on the global business landscape, covering a wide spectrum of industries, markets, economic trends, in-depth analysis, exclusive reports and breaking stories that impact businesses and economies. With a mission to provide valuable insights and updates, the desk ensures that TOI readers are well-informed about the ever-changing and dynamic world of commerce and can navigate the complexities of the business world.
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Indian Micro Finance sector grows by over 2,100% in 12 years – Zee Business

The business of Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) industry has risen from Rs 17,264 crores in March’12 to Rs. 3.93 lakh crore as of November’24, M Nagaraju, Secretary, DFS, Ministry of Finance was apprised by the industry representatives during a meeting in New Delhi.
As per the MFI stateholders, the industry has grown more than 2176 per cent over 12 years.
The Ministry of Finance stated in a release DFS Secretary chaired a meeting with major Micro Finance Institutions. The meeting was also attended by senior officials of DFS including industry bodies namely MFIN & Sa-Dhan.
The engagement with MFIs was designed to foster an open exchange of ideas aimed at elevating the MFI sector. The emphasis was on reaching low-income households in villages and uplifting their lives by providing them with hassle-free financial assistance if needed.
Participating MFIs apprised that the business of the MFI industry has risen from Rs. 17,264 crores in March’12 to Rs. 3.93 lakh crore as of November’24.
The industry operates in over 723 districts including 111 aspirational districts across 28 states and 8 Union Territories.
They also cater to the financial needs of almost 8 crore borrowers. MFIs contribute 2.03 per cent of the gross value added to GDP and support 1.3 crore jobs.
During the meeting, challenges & issues being faced by MFIs were also discussed. It was informed that MFIs are facing difficulties in raising low-cost long-term funds. The quality of the MFI portfolio is being impacted on account of various issues including a reduction in lending to the sector.
The MFIs requested to formulate credit guarantee scheme(s) suiting MFIs/borrowers, creation of special funds/facilities for MFIs operating in North East region and relax qualifying assets norms applicable to MFIs so that their risk can be diversified to other lending avenues.
Secretary, DFS emphasised that MFIs in India need to be more robust, vibrant and financially sound, catering to the needs of rural masses. MFIs need to draw a roadmap to strengthen the sector and become more viable, he said.
It was also pointed out that like digital disbursements, MFIs should encourage repayment of loans digitally while at the same time focusing on cybersecurity & resilient IT infrastructure. They should also strengthen their governance standards.
During the meeting, the Secretary of DFS recognized the work done by MFIs in impacting the lives of people in rural areas. He stated that DFS value the efforts put in by MFIs in supporting financial inclusion.
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Amid surge in MFI defaults, small borrowers binge on debt – The Economic Times

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Loan disbursal to Micro-Finance Institutions rises 43% over 3 years: IIFL Capital – DTNEXT

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NEW DELHI: The quarterly average ticket size of Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) loan disbursal rose 43 per cent from Rs 35 thousand to Rs 50 thousand between September 2021 to 2024, as per the Financial Stability report of the IIFL Capital.
The report, however, noted the issue of delinquencies, as it observed that the rate was high among borrowers with loans from multiple lenders and those with higher credit exposure.
The report highlighted that nearly half of the borrowers availing the unsecured loans have another live retail loan, often a high-ticket loan.
About 11 per cent of borrowers with Personal Loans (PL) greater than Rs 50,000 had an overdue personal loan and over 60 per cent had availed more than three loans during FYTD.
Moreover, nearly three-fifths of customers who availed of personal loans in 2QFY25 had more than three live loans at the time of origination. As a result, impairment is rising in unsecured loans.
However, following higher risk weights since Nov’23 and rising AQ stress, lenders have been tightening credit filters, as reflected in a moderation in inquiry volumes and approval rates, the rising share of prime and above customers across products and lenders, and a significant pullback in PL to lower income groups.
In the Financial Year (FY) 2024, as per the report, Banks opened 5,400 branches, the highest at least since FY16, and 42 per cent of these were opened in centres with a population of less than 50 thousand. Around two-thirds of total new branches in FY24 were opened by Private banks, and 45 per cent of these were in SURU areas.
The gap between loans and deposits has narrowed, with both expanding 11.5 per cent year over year as of mid-December.
Loan-to-deposit ratio (LDR) which was increasing in part because of increased profitability and a corresponding increase in equity capital, has stabilised at about 80 per cent, as per the report.
LDR is used to assess a bank’s liquidity by comparing a bank’s total loans to its total deposits for the same period.
The report highlighted that over the last three years, retail segments have been the primary drivers of incremental credit expansion, with large corporations accounting for only 5 per cent of this total.
Private banks continue to expand their total deposits and CASA deposits at a rate that is 1.7-2 times faster than PSU banks, notwithstanding a notable slowdown in growth.
Going further the report added that the Indian banks are on a strong footing, characterised by a healthy 14 per cent loan Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in the last 3 years, NPA ratio at a 12-year low, Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) up 10 percentage points, capital ratio up 50 basis points (bps) and Return on Assets (RoA) improvement of 70 bps since FY21.
The report also highlighted that India Inc.’s profitability remains healthy, and their debt serviceability continues to improve.
However, Non-performing Assets (NPAs) have bottomed out with slippages inching up and upgrades/recoveries slowing, the report added.
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